## Market Risk Premium (Definition, Example)

The difference that exists between the expected return on a marketplace portfolio and the risk free rate is termed as The market risk premium or it can also be recognized as the additional rate of return which is over and above the risk-free rate which is expected by the investors when holding up a risky investment.
Here, the term risk is defined as any investment in which there exist some risks or which is not risk free. As, there exits some risk in any investments, and you need to face risk in order to earn more on investment.

And in order to calculate market risk premium, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used.
According to which or the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPAM) the expected return = risk free rate + Beta (return on the market – risk free rate of return)

It can also be written as follows:

Ra = Rrf + Ba (Rm – Rrf)

Where in the above Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPAM) formula,

• Ra = the Predictable return on a security
• Rrf = the Risk free rate
• Ba = Beta of the security
• Rm = the Predictable return of the market

Note: And in this formula the Risk Premium or the market risk premium = (Rm – Rrf)

Therefore, the definition of Market Risk Premium can be termed up as the additional rate of return which is expected by the equity investors in order to reimburse for the risk of an investment.

### The Market Risk Premium in CAPM

As we know that Market Risk Premium is the difference that exists by holding up investment and in the risk free rate.

So, let us understand the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPAM) with the help of the figure given below:

Though, we know that higher the risk gives higher or more amount of profit.

So, is the case giving higher returns with a higher amount of risk? Therefore, the risk premium is the one that exists between the market return and the risk free rate in the market.

And this risk premium rises with the amount of risk you take up, as higher the return you get depends upon the higher risk you are taking up. So, you can say that the Market Risk Premium depends upon the risk.

The Formula for the Market Risk Premium can be stated as follows:

• Market Risk Premium Method = The Predictable Return – Risk Free Rate

OR

• Market risk premium = The Market rate of return – the Risk free rate of return

So, we have the Market Risk Premium Formula by deducting the risk free rate of return by the market or the expected return from an investment.

### How to calculate the market risk premium

So, you can calculate Market Risk Premium with the help of Market Risk Premium formula or by subtracting the risk free rate from the expected or the market return of a particular investment. Though, the formula for Market Risk Premium can be stated as follows:

• Market Risk Premium Method = The Predictable Return – Risk Free Rate

OR

• Market risk premium = The rate of return of the Market – the Risk free rate of return

### Examples of market risk premium

Example 1: Taking up an example of an investor who invests in the portfolio having expected a rate of return of 14{367c01af22dc6c3a8611ff25983b0f0a247ed9fc1c45fd9103ad49b47a0c5f39} and giving a return of 5{367c01af22dc6c3a8611ff25983b0f0a247ed9fc1c45fd9103ad49b47a0c5f39} on the investments. Calculate the Market Risk Premium for the stakeholder.

Given to us in the above information:

• Expects a rate of return = 14{367c01af22dc6c3a8611ff25983b0f0a247ed9fc1c45fd9103ad49b47a0c5f39}

Applying the formula as

Market Risk Premium Formula = Expected Return – Risk-Free Rate

### Market Risk Premium in Excel:

Now, the above example is calculated in Excel as follows:

AB
1ParticularsValue
2Expected Return14
3Risk-Free Rate5

Applying or using the formula =(B2-B3), for calculating the Market Risk Premium.

AB
1ParticularsValue
2Expected Return14
3Risk-Free Rate5

Example 2: Taking up an example of an investor who invests in the portfolio having expected a rate of return of 20{367c01af22dc6c3a8611ff25983b0f0a247ed9fc1c45fd9103ad49b47a0c5f39} and giving a return of 10{367c01af22dc6c3a8611ff25983b0f0a247ed9fc1c45fd9103ad49b47a0c5f39} on the investments. Calculate the Market Risk Premium for the stakeholder.

Given to us in the above information:

expects a rate of return = 20{367c01af22dc6c3a8611ff25983b0f0a247ed9fc1c45fd9103ad49b47a0c5f39}

Applying the formula as

Market Risk Premium Formula = Expected Return – Risk-Free Rate

### Interpretation of the market risk premium:

• Higher the equity market risk premium, the higher will be the risk of the investment. So, the investor will expect higher returns with higher risk.

• It is easy to use.
• The investor has an immediate idea about the investment.

• Due to its assumptions, it is extremely subjective in nature.

### Conclusion:

An investor prefers to invest in an investment having a rate of return which is high and the risk which is low. So, the Market Risk Premium helps the investor in taking up the decision of investment and gaining higher returns or profits from an investment.

### FAQ

The risk premium is calculated with the help of the risk premium formula as:

• Market Risk Premium Method = The Predictable Return – Risk Free Rate

OR

• Market risk premium = The rate of return of the Market – the Risk free rate of return

Both the market risk premium and risk premium are similar terms used in different contexts. So, there is no as such difference between the two others than their scope. So, they both are same and also calculated in the same way.

Both the market risk premium and risk premium are similar terms used in different contexts. So, there is no as such difference between the two others than their scope. So, they both are same and also calculated in the same way.

The excess of return which is over and above the risk free rate of return of the investment, it is also the return which an investment is expected to earn or produce.

The formula used for market risk premium is as:

• Market Risk Premium Method = The Predictable Return – Risk Free Rate

OR

• Market risk premium = The rate of return of the Market – the Risk free rate of return

The market risk premium is important in analysing the asset allocation and for the estimation of the company. It helps the investor or the company in taking up necessary decisions related to the investments.

Источник: https://financeninsurance.com/market-risk-premium/

## Market Risk Premium — Definition, Formula and Explanation

The market risk premium is part of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a model that describes the relationship between expected return and risk of a security.

CAPM formula shows the return of a security is equal to the risk-free return plus a risk premium, the beta of that security which analysts and investors use to calculate the acceptable rate of return for an investment.  At the center of the CAPM is the concept of risk (volatility of returns) and reward (rate of returns).

Investors always prefer to have the highest possible rate of return combined with the lowest possible volatility of returns.

### Concepts Used to Determine Market Risk Premium

There are three primary concepts related to determining the premium:

1. Required market risk premium – the minimum amount investors should accept. If an investment’s rate of return is lower than that of the required rate of return, then the investor will not invest. It is also called the hurdle rateHurdle Rate DefinitionA hurdle rate, which is also known as minimum acceptable rate of return (MARR), is the minimum required rate of return or target rate that investors are expecting to receive on an investment. The rate is determined by assessing the cost of capital, risks involved, current opportunities in business expansion, rates of return for similar investments, and other factors of return.
2. Historical market risk premium – a measurement of the return’s past investment performance taken from an investment instrument that is used to determine the premium. The historical premium will produce the same result for all investors, as the value’s calculation is past performance.
3. Expected market risk premium – the investor’s return expectation.

The required and expected market risk premiums differ from one investor to another. During the calculation, the investor needs to take the cost that it takes to acquire the investment into consideration.

With an historical market risk premium, the return will differ depending on what instrument the analyst uses. Most analysts use the S&P 500 as a benchmark for calculating past market performance.

Usually, a government bond yield is the instrument used to identify the risk-free rate of return, as it has little to no risk.

### Market Risk Premium Formula & Calculation

The formula is as follows:

Market Risk Premium = Expected Rate of Return – Risk-Free Rate

Example:

The S&P 500 generated a return of 8% the previous year, and the current interest rate of the Treasury billTreasury Bills (T-Bills)Treasury Bills (or T-Bills for short) are a short-term financial instrument that is issued by the US Treasury with maturity periods ranging from a few days up to 52 weeks (one year). They are considered among the safest investments since they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. is 4%. The premium is 8% – 4% = 4%.

### Use of Market Risk Premium

As stated above, the market risk premium is part of the Capital Asset Pricing ModelCapital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a model that describes the relationship between expected return and risk of a security.

CAPM formula shows the return of a security is equal to the risk-free return plus a risk premium, the beta of that security. In the CAPM, the return of an asset is the risk-free rate, plus the premium, multiplied by the beta of the asset.

The beta Unlevered Beta / Asset BetaUnlevered Beta (Asset Beta) is the volatility of returns for a business, without considering its financial leverage. It only takes into account its assets. It compares the risk of an unlevered company to the risk of the market.

It is calculated by taking equity beta and dividing it by 1 plus tax adjusted debt to equityis the measure of how risky an asset is compared to the overall market. The premium is adjusted for the risk of the asset.

An asset with zero risk and, therefore, zero beta, for example, would have the market risk premium canceled out. On the other hand, a highly risky asset, with a beta of 0.8, would take on almost the full premium.  At 1.5 beta, the asset is 150% more volatile than the market.

### Volatility

It’s important to reiterate that the relationship between risk and reward is the main premise behind market risk premiums.  If a security returns 10% every time period without fail, it has zero volatility of returns.

If a different security returns 20% in period one, 30% in period two, and 15% in period three, it has a higher volatility of returns and is, therefore, considered “riskier”, even though it has a higher average return profile.

This is where the concept of risk-adjusted returns comes in.  To learn more, please read CFI’s guide to calculating The Sharpe RatioSharpe RatioThe Sharpe Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted return, which compares an investment's excess return to its standard deviation of returns. The Sharpe Ratio is commonly used to gauge the performance of an investment by adjusting for its risk..

We hope this has been a helpful guide to understanding the relationship between risk and reward in corporate finance.

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To keep learning more about corporate finance and financial modeling, we suggest reading the CFI articles below to expand your knowledge base.

• Weighted Average Cost of Capital WACCWACCWACC is a firm’s Weighted Average Cost of Capital and represents its blended cost of capital including equity and debt. The WACC formula  is = (E/V x Re) + ((D/V x Rd)  x  (1-T)). This guide will provide an overview of what it is, why its used, how to calculate it, and also provides a downloadable WACC calculator
• Sharpe Ratio CalculatorSharpe Ratio CalculatorThe Sharpe Ratio Calculator allows you to measure an investment's risk-adjusted return. Download CFI's Excel template and Sharpe Ratio calculator. Sharpe Ratio = (Rx — Rf) / StdDev Rx. Where: Rx = Expected portfolio return, Rf = Risk free rate of return, StdDev Rx = Standard deviation of portfolio return / volatility
• Valuation MethodsValuation MethodsWhen valuing a company as a going concern there are three main valuation methods used: DCF analysis, comparable companies, and precedent
• Valuation InfographicValuation InfographicOver the years we've spent a lot of time thinking about and working on business valuation across a broad range of transactions. This valuation infographic

Источник: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/market-risk-premium/

## Market Risk Premium Formula | Calculator (Excel Template)

### Market Risk Premium Formula – Example #1

Let’s consider an example, where we have invested a certain amount in two different assets.

In this example, we have considered two different investment along with expected return and risk free rate for each investment.

Market Risk Premium is calculated using the formula given below

Market Risk Premium = Expected Return – Risk-Free Rate

For Investment 1

• Market Risk Premium = 12% – 4%
• Market Risk Premium = 8%

For Investment 2

• Market Risk Premium = 15% – 4%
• Market Risk Premium = 11%

Most of the time, we need to base our expected return on the historical figures.it means whatever the investor is expecting the rate of return, decides its rate of premium.

### Market Risk Premium Formula – Example #2

Market Risk Premium and Equity Risk Premium both are different in itself in terms of scope and concept. Now take an example of equity risk premium where equity is considered as one type of investment vehicle.

No, we deep dive into the equity risk premium. Equity risk premium calculates the difference between the expected return from the specific equity invested into it and the risk-free rate.

Let’s say, the investor is interested in making money, large company stocks 12.00% and US Treasury Bills 4.80%.

Equity Risk Premium is calculated using the formula given below

Equity Risk Premium = Expected Return – Risk-free Rate

• Equity Risk Premium = 12% – 4.80%
• Equity Risk Premium = 7.20%

Now, we calculate the market risk premium. So, we have calculated the risk premium of 7.20% that the investor would pay.

### Market Risk Premium Formula – Example #3

Continuing with the above example i.e example #2. Calculate the Real Premium.

To calculate the expectancy model, we need to take historical data from the same market or an idea, so we can draw out expected return it where premium matters a lot.

Real Premium is calculated using the formula given below

Real Premium = (1 + Nominal Rate / 1 + Inflation Rate) – 1

• Real Premium = (1 + 7.20% / 1 + 2.10%) – 1

The real premium has more utility in terms of inflation and real-life data and there is a less chance of expectation failure when an investor is expecting something better.

### Explanation

The market risk premium is the additional amount an investor would obtain on this investment while holding a risky market portfolio over of risk- free assets.

The market risk premium is widely used by the analysts and investors to calculate the acceptable rate of return which is the part of the Capital asset pricing model(CAPM). At the center of the CAPM is the concept of risk (Volatility of returns) and reward(rate of returns). Investors expect highest on his investment along with the lowest possible volatility of returns.

How to determine the Market Risk Premium?

There are three concepts with the help of which we measure the market risk premium.

1. Required Market Risk Premium – It is the difference between the minimum rate the investors may expect while investing in any investment vehicle and the risk-free rate.
2. Historical Market risk Premium – It is used to determine the return obtained from the past investment performance which is used to calculate the premium. It is the difference between the historical market rate of a particular market, e.g NYSE(New York Stock Exchange) and the risk-free rate.
3. Expected Market Risk Premium – It wholly depends on the investor’s return expectation.

Whereas, the expected market risk and required premium vary investor to investor. The investor needs to bother much more about the cost of equity it takes during calculation and the investment he would do.

While in a historical market risk premium, the returns mostly depend upon the instrument the analyst uses. Majorly analysts give more emphasis to the S&P 500 as a benchmark to calculate the past performance.

A government bond yield has little or no risk associated with it and considered it to be while calculating risk-free returns.

There is a certain set of procedure to compute the Market risk premium.

Step 1: Estimate the total expected return can be obtained on stocks.

Step 2: Estimate the expected return on a risk-free bond

Step 3: Subtract the above to steps and the obtained difference is market risk premium.

### Relevance and Uses of Market Risk Premium Formula

The market risk premium is computed by the difference of the expected price return and the risk-free rate which is the part of the Capital asset pricing Model.

In CAPM, the return of the asset is calculated by the sum of the risk-free rate and product of the premium by the beta of the asset. The Beta of the equation speaks more about the riskiness of an asset with respect to the market.

An asset with zero risks represent the Zero beta, no risk involve in it. On the other hand, with highly risky asset beta would be 0.8 which consider almost full premium. And at 1.5 beta, the it is completely volatile.

Limitation of this Model

1. Not accurate model, computation is done on the basis of an investor.
2. Market risk calculation done on historical prices.
3. Inflation rate doesn’t take into consideration.

### Market Risk Premium Formula Calculator

You can use the following Market Risk Premium Calculator

 Market Risk Premium Formula = Expected Return – Risk-Free Rate = 0 – 0 = 0

### Market Risk Premium Formula in Excel (With Excel Template)

Here we will do another example of the Market Risk Premium formula in Excel. It is very easy and simple.

Now let us take the real-life example below to calculate Market Risk Premium

Market Risk Premium is calculated using the formula given below

Market Risk Premium = Expected Return – Risk-Free Rate

• Market Risk Premium = 12% – 4%
• Market Risk Premium = 8%

This has been a guide to Market Risk Premium formula. Here we discuss how to calculate Market Risk Premium along with practical examples. We also provide a Market Risk Premium calculator with a downloadable excel template. You may also look at the following articles to learn more –

Источник: https://www.educba.com/market-risk-premium-formula/

## Market Risk Premium (Definition, Example)| What is Rp is CAPM?

Market risk premium is the additional return on the portfolio because of the additional risk involved in the portfolio; essentially, the market risk premium is the premium return an investor has to get to make sure they can invest in a stock or a bond or a portfolio instead of risk-free securities. This concept is the CAPM model, which quantifies the relationship between risk and required return in a well-functioning market.

• Cost of Equity CAPM formula = Risk-Free Rate of Return + Beta * (Market Rate of Return – Risk-free Rate of Return)
• here, Market Risk Premium Formula = Market Rate of Return – Risk-Free Rate of Return.

The difference between the expected return from holding an investment and the risk-free rate is called a market risk premium.

To understand this, first, we need to go back and look at a simple concept.

We all know that greater risk means greater return, right? So, why it wouldn’t be true for the investors who have taken a mental leap from being savers to investors? When an individual saves the amount in Treasury bonds, he expects a minimum return.

He doesn’t want to take more risks, so he receives the minimum rate. But what if one is ready to invest in a stock, won’t he expect more return? At least he would expect more than what he would get by investing his money in Treasury bonds!

And that’s where the concept of market risk premium arrives. The difference between the expected rate of return and the minimum rate of return (which is also called risk free rate) is called the market premium.

### Formula

The Market risk premium formula is simple, but there are components we need to discuss.

Market Risk Premium Formula = Expected Return – Risk-Free Rate.

Now, let’s take each of the components of the market risk premium formula and analyze them.

First, let’s think about the expected return. This expected return is totally dependent on how an investor thinks. And what is the type of investments he invests in?

There are following options that we can consider from the point of view of the investors –

• Risk-tolerant investors: If the investors are players of the market and understand the ups and downs and are okay with whatever risks they need to go through, then we will call them risk-tolerant investors. Risk-tolerant investors won’t expect much from their investments, and thus, the premiums would be much lesser than the risk-averse investors.
• Risk-averse investors: These investors are usually new investors and have not invested much in risky investments. They have saved over their money in fixed deposits or in savings bank accounts. And after thinking over the prospects of investment, they start to invest in stocks. And thus, they expect much more return than risk-tolerant investors. So, the premium is higher in the case of risk-averse investors.

Now, the premium also depends on the type of investments the investors are ready to invest in. If the investments are too risky, naturally, the expected return would be much more than the less risky investments. And thus, the premium would also be more than the less risky investments.

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There are also two other aspects we need to consider here while calculating the premium.

• Required Market Risk Premium: This is the difference between the minimum rate the investors may expect from any sort of investment and the risk-free rate.
• Historical Market Risk Premium: This is the difference between the historical market rate of a particular market, e.g., NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) and the risk-free rate.

### Interpretation

• The market risk premium model is an expectancy model because both of the components in it (expected return and risk-free rate) are subject to change and are dependent on the volatile market forces.)
• To understand it well, you need to have the basis of computing the expected return so as to find the figure for market premium. And the basis you choose should be relevant and aligned with the investments that you have done.
• In normal situations, all you need to do is to go for the historical averages to use as your basis. If you invest in NYSE and you want to calculate market risk premium, all you need to do is to find out the past records of the stocks you have decided to invest in. And then find out the averages. Then you would get a figure that you can bank upon. Here one thing you need to remember is that by taking historical figures as the basis, you are actually assuming that the future would be exactly the past, which may turn out to be flawed.

What would be the right market risk premium calculation, which would not be flawed and would be aligned with the current market condition? We need to look for Real Market Premium then. Here’s the Real Market Risk Premium formula –

Real Market Risk Premium = (1 + Nominal Rate / 1 + Inflation Rate) – 1

In the example section, we will understand everything in detail.

According to Economists, if you want to base your decision on the historical figures, then you should go for a long-term perspective. Because of the premium is beyond 6%, it is way beyond that the actual figures.

That means if you take a long-term perspective, it would help you to find out an average premium that will be closer to the actual one. For example, if we look at the average premium of the USA over the period of 1802 to 2008, we would see that the average premium is a mere 5.2%. That proves a point.

If you want to invest in a market, go back and look at the historical figures for more than 100 years or as many years as you can and then decide upon your expected return.

### Calculation with Example

Let’s get started with a simple one, and afterward, we will go to complex ones.

### Example # 1 (Market Risk Premium Calculation)

Let’s have a look at the details below –

 In percentage Investment 1 Investment 2 Expected Return 10% 11% Risk-free rate 4% 4%

In this example, we have two investments, and we have also been provided with the information for the expected return and the risk-free rate.

Now, let’s look at market risk premium calculation

 In percentage Investment 1 Investment 2 Expected Return 10% 11% (-) Risk-free rate 4% 4% Premium 6% 7%

Now, in most cases, we need to base our assumptions on the expected return on historical figures. That means whatever the investors expect as a return that would decide the rate of premium.

Let’s have a look at the second example.

### Example # 2 (Equity Risk Premium Calculation)

Market Risk Premium and Equity Risk Premium is different in scope and conceptually, but let’s have a look at the equity risk premium example, as well as equity, which can be considered one type of investment as well.

 In percentage Investment Large Company Stocks 11.7% US Treasury Bills 3.8% Inflation 3.1%

Now, let’s have a look at the equity risk premium. The equity risk premium is the difference between the expected return from the particular equity and the risk-free rate. Here let’s say that the investors expect to earn 11.7% from large company stock and the rate of US Treasury Bill is 3.8%.

That means the equity risk premium would be as follows –

 In percentage Investment Large Company Stocks 11.7% (-) US Treasury Bills 3.8% Equity Risk Premium 7.9%

But what’s about inflation? What would we do with the inflation rate? We will look at that in the next real market risk premium example.

### Example # 3 (Real Market Risk Premium Calculation)

 In percentage Investment Large Company Stocks 11.7% US Treasury Bills 3.8% Inflation 3.1%

Now we all know that it is the expectancy model, and when we need to calculate it, we need to take historical figures in the same market or for the same investments so that we can get an idea of what to perceive as expected return. There lies the importance of real premium.

We will take into account inflation and then compute the real premium.

Here’s the real market risk premium formula–

(1 + Nominal Rate / 1 + Inflation Rate) – 1

First, we need to compute the nominal rate, i.e., normal premium –

 In percentage Investment Large Company Stocks 11.7% (-) US Treasury Bills 3.8% Premium 7.9%

Now we will take this premium as a nominal rate and will find out the real market risk premium.

Real Premium = (1 +0.079 / 1 + 0.031) – 1 = 0.0466 = 4.66%.

It is useful because of two particular reasons –

• First, the real market premium is more practical from the perspective of inflation and real-life data.
• Second, there is little or no chance of expectation failure when the investors would expect something 4.66%-6% as expected return.

### Limitations of Market Risk Premium Concept

This concept is an expectancy model; thus, it can’t be accurate most of the time. But equity risk premium is a much better concept than this if you are thinking of investing in stocks (there are many approaches from which we can calculate this). As of now, let us look at the limitations of this Concept –

• This is not an accurate model, and the computation depends on the investors. That means too many variables and too little basis of proper computation.
• When market risk premium calculation is done by taking into account the historical figures, it’s assumed that the future would be similar to the past. But in most cases, that may not be true.
• It doesn’t take into account the inflation rate. Thus, the real risk premium is a much better concept that a market premium.

Find out more

A risk premium is a return on investment above the risk-free rate that an investor needs to be compensated for investing in higher-risk investments. Put simply, the more risk an investment has, the higher the return an investor needs to make it worthwhile.

It’s also known as the risk premium equation of the default risk premium and is commonly used by investors and finance students who deal with the financial markets. Risk premium is used to calculate how much a potential investor needs to be compensated for taking on extra risk when compared to a lower “risk-free” investment.

Typically, the US treasury bill (T-bill) is used as the risk-free rate in the US, but in finance theory the risk-free rate is any investment which has no risk.

Risk\: Premium = r_{a} — r_f

• ra = Return on asset/investment
• rf = Risk-free return

The risk premium of an investment is calculated by subtracting the risk-free return on investment from the actual return on investment and is a useful tool for estimating expected returns on relatively risky investments when compared to a risk-free investment.

The market’s risk premium is the average market return less the risk-free rate. For shares, the word “market” can be connoted as a whole stock index such as the S&P 500 or the Dow. The risk premium on the market may be shown as:

Market\: Risk\: Premium = R_m — R_f

• Rm = Market return
• Rf = Risk-free return

The market risk is called systematic risk. Unsystematic risk, on the other hand, is the amount of risk associated with a particular investment and is not market-related.

The amount of risk approaches that of the market as an investor diversifies their investment portfolio. The many clichés about diversifying the investment portfolio are extracted from systemic and unsystematic uncertainty and its relationship to returns.

### Risk Premium on a Stock Using CAPM

The risk premium for a particular investment using the capital asset pricing model is beta times the difference between market return and risk-free return on investment.

ER_{i} = R_{f} + B_{i} (ER_{m} — R_{f})

• ERi = Expected return of investment
• Rf = Risk-free rate
• Bi = Beta of the investment
• (ERm – Rf) = Market risk premium

As noted earlier, market risk premium refers to the return on the market minus the return on a risk-free investment and it’s used in CAPM to factor in the systematic risk of an investment

Amy is planning to invest $50,000 in order to get a large return. With the financial crisis, she is very aware of the potential risk and wants to strike an investment balance between risk and return. She has the option to invest in risk-free investments the US treasury bond which returns 3% a year, and also has the option to invest in a uranium stock, which is higher risk but has a potential 21% return. Let’s calculate Amy’s risk premium: Return\: on\: Investment = \$50{,}000 \times 21\% = \$10{,}500 Risk{-}free\: Return = \$50{,}000 \times 3\% = \$1{,}500 Risk\: Premium = \$10{,}500 — \$1{,}500 = \$9{,}000

So here we see that Amy has a risk premium of $9,000. This is a rough estimate of expected returns on the risky investment into uranium. It’s important to note that this is completely dependant on the performance of the stock and Amy would need to better understand the risk factors by studying the stock at length to decide whether it’s worth investment and if it can realize the risk premium return of$9,000.

When calculating risk premium, the below points are worth bearing in mind as a quick recap of what it is, why it’s used, and how to use it:

• The risk premium is the return on an investment minus the return on a risk-free investment.
• The market’s risk premium is the average market return less the risk-free rate.
• For shares, the word “market” can be connoted as a whole stock index such as the S&P 500 or the Dow.
• The market risk is called systematic risk. Unsystematic risk, on the other hand, is the amount of risk associated with a particular investment and is not market-related.
• The risk premium for a particular investment using the capital asset pricing model is beta times the difference between market return and risk-free return on investment.

Источник: https://studyfinance.com/risk-premium/